Guidelines on Research and Publishing Ethics in the Journal of Nation-Building Research (JNBR)

CONTENTS
I. AUTHORSHIP
II. CITATIONS
III. PLAGIARISM, DATA FABRICATION AND IMAGE MANIPULATION
IV. REPUBLISHMENT
V. COPYRIGHT
VI. DEFAMATION
VII. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
VIII. REVIEWERS, EDITORS AND EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

I. AUTHORSHIP
      JNBR follows the International Committee of Nation-Building Journal Editors guidelines which state that authorship of a manuscript, authors must qualify the following:
       • Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work.
       • Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
       • Final approval of the version to be published.
       • Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
      Those who contributed to the work but do not qualify for authorship should be stated in the acknowledgments.
      Any change to the author list during the editorial process or after publication should be approved by all authors, including any who have been removed. We reserve the right to request evidence of authorship, and changes to authorship after acceptance will be made at the discretion of JNBR editorial committee.
      Any changes in the list of authors during the editorial process or after publishing It should be approved by all authors including those who were removed. We reserve the right to request proof of authorship and any changes to the authorship after acceptance are at the discretion of the JNBR editorial committee.

Changes in authorship
      Requests for changes to authorship must be directed to the journal’s editors – check each journal’s website for contact details. Requests should be handled fairly and in accordance with the review of the editorial committee and/or the published policies of the individual journal. Changes in authorship are permitted when valid reasoning is given and the editorial committee agrees to the changes. Post-published changes in authorship are usually made through published edits.

‘Ghost,’ ‘guest,’ or ‘gift’ authorship
      JNBR considers all forms of ghosting, guests, and gifts to be unethical and works closely with editors and editorial committees to insist on these practices. The editorial committee will investigate allegations of ghosts, guests or gifts when the guidelines are identified. The author in question will be removed from the article through post-publishing corrections or errors.
      ‘Ghost’ authorship refers to the use of an unnamed author to write or prepare an article for publication. Generally, ghost authors are contributors (but not exclusively) paid sponsors, employees, junior researchers, or external academic affiliates.
      ‘Guest’ or ‘gift’ authorship means the practice of naming someone who has little or no contribution to the study as the author of the article. Gift authors is usually (but not exclusively) a senior researcher, affiliated researchers, friends or colleagues of the principle authors. There are also organizations that offer gifts for a fee.

Non-falsification
      Manuscripts presented for publication in the JNBR must not contain false information and information such as modification of research data, research results, etc.

Correct reference
      Authors must not copy the work or ideas of others in their manuscript, or not to cite sources of thought or information in accordance with the principles and standard forms of academic citation that may result in the work of others to be their own work. Manuscripts must not name authors who are not involved in the content writing of manuscript or who have not actually participated in research on the subject.

II. CITATIONS
      Citations and references to appropriate and relevant literature are an important part of academic publication and it is the shared responsibility of all involved (authors, editors, peer reviewers). Authors should not engage in excessive self-citation of their own work. Editors and peer reviewers should not ask authors to add citations to articles when there is no clear academic reason to do so.

III. PLAGIARISM, DATA FABRICATION AND IMAGE MANIPULATION
      Plagiarism is not acceptable in JNBR journals. Plagiarism includes copying text, ideas, images, or data from another source, even from your own publications, without giving credit to the original source.
      Any reuse of text copied from other sources must be between quotation marks and must reference the original source. If the study design or structure or language of the manuscript is inspired by previous studies, these studies must be clearly referred to.
      All JNBR submissions will be checked for plagiarism. If plagiarism is detected during the peer review process, the manuscript may be rejected. If plagiarism is detected after publication, an investigation will be conducted and actions will be taken in accordance with our policies.
      Image files must not be manipulated or edited in any way that could lead to incorrect interpretation of the information obtained from the original image. Irregular manipulation include 1) suggesting, optimizing, moving, or removing features from the original image, 2) grouping images that should be clearly presented separately, or 3) correcting contrast, brightness, or color balance to mask, eliminate, or improve certain data. If abnormal image manipulation is identified and confirmed during the peer review process, we may reject the manuscript. If irregular image distortion is identified and confirmed after publication, we may correct or revoke the paper.
      Data presented must be original and not be improperly selected, manipulated, modified, or fabricated, including 1) excluding data points to enhance the significance of conclusions; 2) data fabrication; 3) selection of results that support a particular conclusion by Loss of conflicting information 4) selection of analytical tools or analytical methods to support a particular conclusion (including p-hacking).

IV. REPUBLISHMENT
      Manuscripts to be considered for publication in JNBR are the copyright of JNBR. Republishing manuscript without JNBR’s consent is prohibited. Also, authors must not modify, adapt, or translate into other languages the manuscripts published in JNBR for re-publication.     Manuscripts presented for publication in the JNBR must not have been previously published in any other journal and/or is under consideration for publication in other journals at the same time.

V. COPYRIGHT
      Authors submitting an article for publication warrants that the work does not infringe any existing copyright and will indemnify the publisher against any breach of such warranty. For ease of distribution and to ensure proper usage is monitored, papers and contributions become copyrighted by the publisher unless otherwise agreed.
      Authors must not submit articles written by other authors as their own research. Copyrights held by other people or organizations must be respected, and such content may not be published in JNBR without permission from the copyright owner. In such cases, authors must provide proof of publishing permission from the copyright owner and name the person or organization funding the research.

VI. DEFAMATION
      While trying to promote freedom of expression wherever possible, JNBR aims to avoid publishing anything that harms the reputation of any individual, business, group or organization unless it can be proven to be true. We take all possible measures to ensure that the published work does not contain any statements that are or could be considered defamatory, slanderous or defamed.

VII. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
      Editors, authors, and peer reviewers should disclose interests that might appear to affect their ability to present or review work objectively. These might include relevant financial interests (for example, patent ownership, stock ownership, consultancies, or speaker’s fees), or personal, political, or religious interests.

Authors
      Conflict of interest exists when an author’s private interests might be seen as influencing the objectivity of research or experiment, to the point that a reasonable observer might wonder if the individual’s behaviour or judgement was motivated by considerations of his or her competing interests. It is the responsibility of a manuscript’s corresponding author to confirm if co-authors hold any conflict of interest.

      The corresponding author may be required to co-ordinate completion of written forms from each co-author and submit these to the editors or journal administrators prior to acceptance. The following should also be declared, either through the Acknowledgements section of the manuscript or at the point of submission:
      • All sources of research funding, including direct and indirect financial support, supply of equipment, or materials (including specialist statistical or writing assistance).
      • The role of the research funder(s) or sponsor(s), if any, in the research design, execution, analysis, interpretation, and reporting.
      • Any related financial and non-financial interests and relationships that could be considered likely to affect the interpretation of the findings or that editors, reviewers or readers might reasonably want to know. These may include, but are not limited to patent or ownership of shares, board membership, members of the advisory board or the board of directors of company, consultancy for a company, or receipt of speaker’s fees from a company.

Editors
      JNBR expects its journal editors to announce their competing interests at the agreed placement point and update it annually. The JNBR standard editorial agreement requires editors to declare any conflicts of interest that may arise during the editor’s term before entering into any agreement or position.
      Editors must withdraw from each manuscript if they have a potential conflict of interest and to avoid creating potential conflicts of interest through the assignment of handling editors or peer reviewers.

Peer Reviewers
      JNBR requires editors and journal administrators to consider potential conflicts of interest when assigning reviewers. Some journals include wording in their invitation to review stating that acceptance of the invitation implies no financial or competing interest. Where a reviewer declares potential conflict of interest the editor should select alternative reviewers. Failure to declare conflict of interest may result in removal of the reviewer from the journal database.
      Editors and journal administrators are encouraged to consider potential conflicts of interest when assigning reviewers. Some journals include the wording of the invitation for review stating that accepting the invitation does not imply a financial or competitive advantage. In the event that the reviewer declares a potential conflict of interest, the editors should choose alternative reviewers. Failure to declare a conflict of interest can result in the removal of the reviewer from the journal database.

VIII. REVIEWERS, EDITORS AND EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

Professional review
      The selection of reviewers must take into account the expertise that corresponds to the content of each article. and the reviewer must use knowledge expertise and full attention has been given to understanding the content of the article being reviewed and can be graded according to evaluation criteria including reviews and provides advice to help authors improve their articles to meet JNBR standards.

Strictly reviewing the ethics of authors
      Editors and reviewers are required to conduct systematic, ethical reviews of authors. by reviewing ethical risks and extracting data using audit and data request tools. Documents or other evidence from the authors and relevant persons/authorities to protect the research. ethical violation forgery of articles Failure to cite or improperly reference, reprint, infringe copyright and conflicts of interest. Editors shall facilitate assessments by organizing systems and technologies to detect misconduct in various fields. and coordinate requests for information, documents, and evidence from the authors and related persons/entities.

Failure to copy or disclose the content of the article
      Reviewers must not use any part of the content they have reviewed as their own work without the consent of the article author or JNBR, nor disclose information of articles under review to others.

Non-exploitation of review
      The selection of an appraiser must take into account the risk of conflict of interest, taking into account the relationship between the author and the auditor and the benefits the auditor may derive from the content of the article. Not taking advantage of the articles they are evaluating. Either by soliciting the benefit of the author of the article for publication or from others involved in the article.

Maintaining review time
      The reviewers must maintain evaluation periods in strict accordance with the review timeframes established by the JNBR editors..